The operating rules applied to every allocation decision.
Five rules, applied in the order listed, to every candidate holding.
A position is sized so that being wrong about it does not change the family's circumstances.
Holdings are selected on current cash flow. Earnings visible today take priority over projected growth.
Positions are not chosen for market visibility. Widely held assets are tested against the office's own valuation threshold.
Assets are selected for their liquidity in a downturn. Durable businesses, prime property and investment-grade credit retain buyers across cycles.
A holding must be explainable in one paragraph. Structures that cannot be explained are not held.
Three holdings that cleared all five tests.

A concentrated book of listed Australian businesses selected on durable earnings and balance sheet strength.

Short-dated government and bank paper sized to fund twelve months of obligations without forced selling.

A small number of offshore businesses held for currency diversification and exposure unavailable domestically.
How the rules are sequenced, what each excludes, and whether they change.
In order: sizing, then a cash flow test, then a check against consensus positioning, then a check that a buyer exists in a downturn, then a simplicity test.
A candidate must clear all five. Failing any one is sufficient to decline.
Assets whose value rests on a terminal narrative rather than current production: pre-revenue businesses and assets priced on a multiple of projected earnings.
Growth is not excluded, but it must be visible in current cash flow.
Consensus bias is holding what is widely held. The office writes its valuation threshold before reviewing market positioning.
Widely held assets are then reviewed against that threshold.
A holder may need to sell without choosing to. Assets with buyers across cycles keep the timing of a sale with the office rather than the market.
Illiquid assets are held only where the cash flow means a sale is unlikely to be required.
Each position has a written thesis. If the thesis cannot be maintained in a paragraph, or grows longer each year, the position is reviewed.
A thesis that requires ongoing defence is treated as incompletely understood.
They are reviewed as part of the annual Investment Policy Statement process and amended only for a structural reason, not in response to a market cycle.
They are not relaxed during a drawdown.
Notes on the operating rules the office applies to every allocation decision.